Gas
Abundance
Flux (Mt) Extent of disequil-
ibrium
Feedbacks
Nitrogen 79 300 1010 Atmospheric pressure
Fire Control
Ocean nitrate sink
Oxygen 21 100,000 None taken as refernce Reference level for energy
Carbon Dioxide 0.03 140,000 103 Photosynthesis Climate
Methane 10-4 500 Infinite Ozone and nitrogen
Nitrous oxide 10-5 30 10-13 Oxygen and carbon Ventilation of anoxic zone
Ammonia 10-6 300 Infinite pH and nitrogen
Dimethyl sulphide 10-8 70 Infinite

Sulphur cycle
Salt stress
Climate

Methyl chloride 10-7 10 Infinite Stratospheric ozone
Methyl iodide 10-10 1 Infinite Iodine cycle
Climate

 

What’s in a sample of air?

A tissue sample of the air, taken near the surface, shows an energetic and unstable mix of gases: oxygen at 21 per cent coexisting with methane, though they are highly reactive; low carbon dioxide, implying active regulation of this gas; and many trace gases of biochemical origin, the aerial messengers, scavengers, and carriers of Gaia (analogous to those within our own body chemistry). Living organisms are thinly spread travelers (though myriads of spores, seeds, and microbes use the air for dispersion). Near the ground, leaves extend the gaseous exchange boundary, but the air itself is a biological product, an extension of Gaia’s metabolism, a result of active exchange of gases with living organisms. The air is a protective skin, a warming blanket, an exchange and water circulation medium.

 

Gases of the air and their possible system functions

The table (left) shows the abundance and flux (rate of annual flow through the atmosphere) of some of the gases of the air, and the extent to which this composition seems to violate the ordinary rules of equilibrium chemistry. (The word "infinite" in this context means beyond the limits of computation.) The right hand column of the table suggests some possible feedback control functions that these gases might have in the system of life and its environment, according to Gaia science.